1 00:00:01,439 --> 00:00:09,070 ignition sequence stars 2 00:00:16,070 --> 00:00:14,150 [Music] 3 00:00:17,590 --> 00:00:16,080 good morning you're looking at the scene 4 00:00:19,349 --> 00:00:17,600 in the international space station 5 00:00:21,029 --> 00:00:19,359 flight control room at nasa's johnson 6 00:00:22,790 --> 00:00:21,039 space center in houston 7 00:00:24,470 --> 00:00:22,800 this is where there is always a team of 8 00:00:26,470 --> 00:00:24,480 specialists on duty to monitor the 9 00:00:27,830 --> 00:00:26,480 station systems and where they work with 10 00:00:30,310 --> 00:00:27,840 the crew members through all of their 11 00:00:32,709 --> 00:00:30,320 tasks on the daily agenda 12 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:32,719 expedition 63 commander chris cassidy 13 00:00:36,709 --> 00:00:34,800 and flight engineers anatoly ivanishin 14 00:00:38,790 --> 00:00:36,719 and yvonne wagner are looking forward to 15 00:00:40,630 --> 00:00:38,800 spending their upcoming weekend off duty 16 00:00:42,470 --> 00:00:40,640 after having finished up a full week 17 00:00:47,750 --> 00:00:42,480 full of science support and station 18 00:00:51,750 --> 00:00:49,910 houston station on space to ground 19 00:00:54,069 --> 00:00:51,760 welcome to space to ground i'm leah 20 00:00:56,229 --> 00:00:54,079 cheshire this week chris cassidy 21 00:00:59,670 --> 00:00:56,239 continued research into how the body 22 00:01:01,830 --> 00:00:59,680 repairs dna damage in space 23 00:01:04,469 --> 00:01:01,840 due to increased exposure to radiation 24 00:01:06,870 --> 00:01:04,479 in space dna damage can have long-term 25 00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:06,880 effects on astronaut health the genes in 26 00:01:12,230 --> 00:01:09,520 space 6 experiment evaluates the entire 27 00:01:14,469 --> 00:01:12,240 dna repair process by inducing dna 28 00:01:17,030 --> 00:01:14,479 damages and assessing mutation and 29 00:01:19,510 --> 00:01:17,040 repair on tuesday cassidy set up the 30 00:01:22,070 --> 00:01:19,520 biomolecule sequencer a device that can 31 00:01:24,310 --> 00:01:22,080 sequence dna in space with a new flow 32 00:01:26,630 --> 00:01:24,320 cell where the samples are added 33 00:01:28,550 --> 00:01:26,640 understanding how dna damage and repairs 34 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:28,560 occur in microgravity can contribute to 35 00:01:33,030 --> 00:01:30,640 procedures to protect astronauts not 36 00:01:36,149 --> 00:01:33,040 only on the space station but also on 37 00:01:38,390 --> 00:01:36,159 future missions to the moon or mars 38 00:01:40,789 --> 00:01:38,400 in the japanese aerospace exploration 39 00:01:42,870 --> 00:01:40,799 agency's kibo module chris cassidy 40 00:01:45,109 --> 00:01:42,880 worked on hardware that gives us a much 41 00:01:47,190 --> 00:01:45,119 closer look at things we can't see with 42 00:01:49,190 --> 00:01:47,200 the naked eye 43 00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:49,200 cassidy performed lens collection for 44 00:01:53,429 --> 00:01:51,520 the confocal space microscopy setup and 45 00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:53,439 closeout removing the lenses from the 46 00:01:57,910 --> 00:01:56,240 aquatic habitat in kibo and reinstalling 47 00:01:59,990 --> 00:01:57,920 them to the microscope setup in the 48 00:02:02,230 --> 00:02:00,000 japanese experiment module helping 49 00:02:04,230 --> 00:02:02,240 maintain the microscope itself 50 00:02:06,789 --> 00:02:04,240 as it is confocal this special 51 00:02:08,710 --> 00:02:06,799 microscope blocks out out-of-focus light 52 00:02:10,389 --> 00:02:08,720 providing a greater resolution on the 53 00:02:12,710 --> 00:02:10,399 subject of interest 54 00:02:14,790 --> 00:02:12,720 the confocal microscope allows data to 55 00:02:16,949 --> 00:02:14,800 be obtained real time on the fundamental 56 00:02:18,949 --> 00:02:16,959 nature of cellular and tissue structures 57 00:02:20,790 --> 00:02:18,959 and functions 58 00:02:22,630 --> 00:02:20,800 as we look forward to the weekend on 59 00:02:24,390 --> 00:02:22,640 earth it seems like a good chance to 60 00:02:27,910 --> 00:02:24,400 answer natalie's question about what 61 00:02:30,309 --> 00:02:27,920 weekends are like on the space station 62 00:02:32,470 --> 00:02:30,319 like most full-time employees on earth 63 00:02:34,630 --> 00:02:32,480 astronauts in space usually get weekends 64 00:02:36,309 --> 00:02:34,640 off too and enjoy talking with friends 65 00:02:39,509 --> 00:02:36,319 and family taking photos out of the 66 00:02:41,270 --> 00:02:39,519 window reading watching movies and more 67 00:02:43,589 --> 00:02:41,280 however there are a couple of tasks 68 00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:43,599 still on their schedules astronauts are 69 00:02:47,910 --> 00:02:45,680 still required to work out for about two 70 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:47,920 hours each day and they also take some 71 00:02:51,830 --> 00:02:50,160 time to tidy up their home in low earth 72 00:02:53,750 --> 00:02:51,840 orbit 73 00:02:59,370 --> 00:02:53,760 keep sending in your questions using the 74 00:02:59,380 --> 00:03:09,990 [Music] 75 00:03:13,910 --> 00:03:12,229 chris cassidy is a u.s navy captain with 76 00:03:15,910 --> 00:03:13,920 a bachelor's degree in math from the 77 00:03:18,869 --> 00:03:15,920 naval academy and a masters in ocean 78 00:03:20,949 --> 00:03:18,879 engineering from mit he also served 11 79 00:03:22,949 --> 00:03:20,959 years as a navy seal with four overseas 80 00:03:25,030 --> 00:03:22,959 deployments before becoming a nasa 81 00:03:26,630 --> 00:03:25,040 astronaut but you never really know 82 00:03:28,470 --> 00:03:26,640 someone do you until you know things 83 00:03:30,710 --> 00:03:28,480 like their favorite musical instrument 84 00:03:32,309 --> 00:03:30,720 and what they hope to be remembered for 85 00:03:34,070 --> 00:03:32,319 cassidy shed some light on these things 86 00:03:45,589 --> 00:03:34,080 and more as the clock counted down to 87 00:03:50,070 --> 00:03:47,990 what is your favorite season fall what's 88 00:03:53,110 --> 00:03:50,080 your favorite constellation orion 89 00:03:56,070 --> 00:03:53,120 favorite musical instrument the viola 90 00:03:58,550 --> 00:03:56,080 the viola only because my kids played it 91 00:04:01,030 --> 00:03:58,560 morning or night person morning one 92 00:04:02,869 --> 00:04:01,040 thing you're afraid of screwing up on a 93 00:04:05,589 --> 00:04:02,879 space mission one thing you have in the 94 00:04:07,429 --> 00:04:05,599 refrigerator at all times pesto what's 95 00:04:09,750 --> 00:04:07,439 your favorite book the count of monte 96 00:04:13,429 --> 00:04:09,760 cristo favorite movie saving private 97 00:04:15,750 --> 00:04:13,439 ryan favorite dance move sprinkler 98 00:04:18,069 --> 00:04:15,760 what's your favorite color navy blue 99 00:04:20,150 --> 00:04:18,079 guilty pleasure eating ice cream the 100 00:04:21,509 --> 00:04:20,160 accomplishment you are most proud of 101 00:04:23,749 --> 00:04:21,519 being the honor graduate of seal 102 00:04:25,909 --> 00:04:23,759 training the next item on your space 103 00:04:27,430 --> 00:04:25,919 bucket list welcoming 104 00:04:29,189 --> 00:04:27,440 one of the commercial crews onboard the 105 00:04:32,150 --> 00:04:29,199 space station advice that you would give 106 00:04:35,430 --> 00:04:32,160 to younger you communicate more often 107 00:04:37,990 --> 00:04:35,440 who inspires you anybody that does 108 00:04:40,390 --> 00:04:38,000 unsolicited unselfish acts what would 109 00:04:42,790 --> 00:04:40,400 you like to be remembered for 110 00:05:00,870 --> 00:04:42,800 having the greatest nba three-point 111 00:05:05,189 --> 00:05:02,629 the international space station is a 112 00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:05,199 working laboratory in space and solar 113 00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:06,880 energy is a key element in keeping it 114 00:05:09,749 --> 00:05:07,840 running 115 00:05:11,350 --> 00:05:09,759 astronauts rely on this renewable energy 116 00:05:13,189 --> 00:05:11,360 source to power the machines they need 117 00:05:15,189 --> 00:05:13,199 for their science work as well as the 118 00:05:17,430 --> 00:05:15,199 ones they need for their survival 119 00:05:19,189 --> 00:05:17,440 in this demonstration video astronaut 120 00:05:20,710 --> 00:05:19,199 ricky arnold explains the process of 121 00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:20,720 generating power from the station's 122 00:05:25,749 --> 00:05:22,800 solar arrays to produce the electricity 123 00:05:28,970 --> 00:05:25,759 for astronauts as they orbit 250 miles 124 00:05:42,070 --> 00:05:28,980 above the earth's surface 125 00:05:45,189 --> 00:05:43,590 all right welcome aboard the 126 00:05:47,189 --> 00:05:45,199 international space station i'm 127 00:05:49,189 --> 00:05:47,199 astronaut ricky arnold and i'm currently 128 00:05:52,150 --> 00:05:49,199 at one of our human research facilities 129 00:05:55,270 --> 00:05:52,160 on iss where you can see centrifuges 130 00:05:56,710 --> 00:05:55,280 laptops and other scientific equipment 131 00:05:58,469 --> 00:05:56,720 across from me is another one of these 132 00:06:01,749 --> 00:05:58,479 experiment racks where you can see 133 00:06:03,909 --> 00:06:01,759 ultrasound imaging more laptops cameras 134 00:06:06,550 --> 00:06:03,919 other equipment all stuff that requires 135 00:06:08,230 --> 00:06:06,560 electrical power in fact we have so much 136 00:06:10,469 --> 00:06:08,240 equipment for science and life support 137 00:06:13,350 --> 00:06:10,479 that our electrical system has about 8 138 00:06:15,350 --> 00:06:13,360 miles or 13 kilometers of wiring to make 139 00:06:16,629 --> 00:06:15,360 it all work so where does this energy 140 00:06:19,270 --> 00:06:16,639 come from 141 00:06:20,550 --> 00:06:19,280 let's have a look 142 00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:20,560 from here in the cupola and through 143 00:06:24,550 --> 00:06:22,160 other windows you can easily see the 144 00:06:25,909 --> 00:06:24,560 solar arrays soaking in the sunlight 145 00:06:27,670 --> 00:06:25,919 they are massive 146 00:06:30,070 --> 00:06:27,680 these four solar arrays are made of 147 00:06:32,309 --> 00:06:30,080 solar cells which are purified chunks of 148 00:06:35,670 --> 00:06:32,319 the element silicon together the solar 149 00:06:38,469 --> 00:06:35,680 rays contain a total of 262 400 solar 150 00:06:40,550 --> 00:06:38,479 cells and cover an area of about 27 000 151 00:06:43,830 --> 00:06:40,560 square feet more than half the area of a 152 00:06:45,350 --> 00:06:43,840 football field that's huge 153 00:06:47,270 --> 00:06:45,360 when the station is in sunlight the 154 00:06:49,589 --> 00:06:47,280 solar arrays produce about 60 percent 155 00:06:50,950 --> 00:06:49,599 more power than we actually need during 156 00:06:52,790 --> 00:06:50,960 the daytime 157 00:06:55,430 --> 00:06:52,800 that extra power goes directly to 158 00:06:56,870 --> 00:06:55,440 charging our lithium-ion batteries 159 00:06:59,029 --> 00:06:56,880 those batteries are essential because 160 00:07:01,749 --> 00:06:59,039 they provide the power we need during 161 00:07:03,749 --> 00:07:01,759 the 16 night times we have per day here 162 00:07:05,510 --> 00:07:03,759 on the space station 163 00:07:07,909 --> 00:07:05,520 the energy our solar arrays can produce 164 00:07:09,830 --> 00:07:07,919 is enough to power 40 homes and we can 165 00:07:12,390 --> 00:07:09,840 maximize the power we generate by 166 00:07:13,990 --> 00:07:12,400 rotating the arrays in two axes one like 167 00:07:16,070 --> 00:07:14,000 a windmill to track the sun through the 168 00:07:18,230 --> 00:07:16,080 course of the day the other the track 169 00:07:19,990 --> 00:07:18,240 the sun's inclination or its angle in 170 00:07:21,670 --> 00:07:20,000 the sky 171 00:07:24,070 --> 00:07:21,680 the space station's electrical power 172 00:07:26,070 --> 00:07:24,080 system uses direct current to provide 173 00:07:30,070 --> 00:07:26,080 energy for our laptop's lights water 174 00:07:31,909 --> 00:07:30,080 recovery system and science experiments 175 00:07:36,620 --> 00:07:31,919 thanks for coming aboard today now back 176 00:07:58,150 --> 00:07:43,270 [Music] 177 00:08:01,830 --> 00:07:59,830 many nasa astronauts who have been to 178 00:08:03,990 --> 00:08:01,840 space for an extended period of time 179 00:08:05,749 --> 00:08:04,000 such as ricky arnold has returned to 180 00:08:07,670 --> 00:08:05,759 earth with a new appreciation for the 181 00:08:09,270 --> 00:08:07,680 planet they left behind it's also been 182 00:08:10,869 --> 00:08:09,280 true for those who took a trip to space 183 00:08:12,629 --> 00:08:10,879 on a space shuttle mission that only 184 00:08:14,070 --> 00:08:12,639 lasted a week or so 185 00:08:15,990 --> 00:08:14,080 take it from former astronaut bill 186 00:08:18,469 --> 00:08:16,000 mcarthur who has made both kinds of 187 00:08:20,629 --> 00:08:18,479 trips he tells us he has definitely 188 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:20,639 experienced a shift in his world view 189 00:08:43,670 --> 00:08:37,180 [Music] 190 00:08:45,990 --> 00:08:43,680 when you first get to get to get to 191 00:08:47,990 --> 00:08:46,000 orbit of course main engine cuts off and 192 00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:48,000 it's it's really it's really funny it's 193 00:08:52,470 --> 00:08:49,839 really not funny but it's fun to watch 194 00:08:54,550 --> 00:08:52,480 everyone i think everyone takes whatever 195 00:08:57,190 --> 00:08:54,560 writing utensil he or she has and 196 00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:57,200 releases it because it's it's i want to 197 00:09:01,030 --> 00:08:59,360 see something float yeah i know i feel 198 00:09:02,150 --> 00:09:01,040 floaty but now i want to see something 199 00:09:04,470 --> 00:09:02,160 float 200 00:09:06,790 --> 00:09:04,480 and then as quickly as you can 201 00:09:14,630 --> 00:09:06,800 particularly a first-time flyer it's 202 00:09:20,310 --> 00:09:16,070 the first thing you're overwhelmed with 203 00:09:25,269 --> 00:09:22,790 it's darn exciting and so immediately 204 00:09:29,269 --> 00:09:25,279 you're trying to identify geographical 205 00:09:32,230 --> 00:09:29,279 feed identify places 206 00:09:34,630 --> 00:09:32,240 you look and you see things like a 207 00:09:36,949 --> 00:09:34,640 massive thunderstorm you know a super 208 00:09:39,590 --> 00:09:36,959 cumulonimbus cloud coming up and it 209 00:09:42,070 --> 00:09:39,600 really does come up at you it is that 210 00:09:44,310 --> 00:09:42,080 tangible nature of what what you're 211 00:09:49,110 --> 00:09:44,320 seeing that really does take your breath 212 00:09:53,590 --> 00:09:51,590 i worried my family when i was sending 213 00:09:56,630 --> 00:09:53,600 them notes because i started talking 214 00:09:58,630 --> 00:09:56,640 about the black velvet of deep space you 215 00:10:00,550 --> 00:09:58,640 look in the sky here on the earth and 216 00:10:02,550 --> 00:10:00,560 you know it's like milky way or those 217 00:10:05,750 --> 00:10:02,560 thin clouds up there what am i looking 218 00:10:08,150 --> 00:10:05,760 at but but everything is really really 219 00:10:09,910 --> 00:10:08,160 vivid and and i think that's 220 00:10:11,350 --> 00:10:09,920 another part of the visual aspect 221 00:10:15,829 --> 00:10:11,360 whether you're looking out or looking 222 00:10:18,710 --> 00:10:15,839 down it's part of the same thing of 223 00:10:20,949 --> 00:10:18,720 taking a picture of someone nothing 224 00:10:22,470 --> 00:10:20,959 captures 225 00:10:25,030 --> 00:10:22,480 vivid colors 226 00:10:26,870 --> 00:10:25,040 and and texture and subtlety like the 227 00:10:28,470 --> 00:10:26,880 human eye does and and when you're in 228 00:10:29,750 --> 00:10:28,480 space it's the same thing and i think 229 00:10:30,710 --> 00:10:29,760 that's in part 230 00:10:33,670 --> 00:10:30,720 why 231 00:10:36,069 --> 00:10:33,680 it's such a such a powerful 232 00:10:39,430 --> 00:10:36,079 personal experience and as much as we 233 00:10:41,670 --> 00:10:39,440 love the pictures that we bring back 234 00:10:43,060 --> 00:10:41,680 it's not the same as 235 00:10:45,350 --> 00:10:43,070 seeing it yourself 236 00:10:47,590 --> 00:10:45,360 [Music] 237 00:10:49,110 --> 00:10:47,600 there's a certain serenity 238 00:10:51,670 --> 00:10:49,120 that comes it's not just from what 239 00:10:55,829 --> 00:10:51,680 you've seen it's from 240 00:11:00,310 --> 00:10:58,630 goal that you had and that's something i 241 00:11:02,710 --> 00:11:00,320 felt right after i got on orbit the 242 00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:02,720 first time is 243 00:11:07,750 --> 00:11:05,040 you know heaven forbid 244 00:11:11,110 --> 00:11:07,760 i could perish now 245 00:11:13,509 --> 00:11:11,120 and or or i can never fly again but 246 00:11:17,190 --> 00:11:13,519 nothing can take this experience away i 247 00:11:20,390 --> 00:11:17,200 i now i own this experience it is it is 248 00:11:21,270 --> 00:11:20,400 mine forever 249 00:11:22,150 --> 00:11:21,280 [Music] 250 00:11:31,030 --> 00:11:22,160 [Laughter] 251 00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:32,790 can you imagine what it must be like for 252 00:11:35,990 --> 00:11:34,320 scientists who spend years of their 253 00:11:38,310 --> 00:11:36,000 lives developing and designing an 254 00:11:40,790 --> 00:11:38,320 experiment to finally watch it blast off 255 00:11:42,710 --> 00:11:40,800 a planet on the top of a rocket 256 00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:42,720 well in this episode of the new series 257 00:11:46,310 --> 00:11:44,800 nasa explorers you can watch a pair of 258 00:11:48,150 --> 00:11:46,320 researchers go through their first 259 00:11:54,270 --> 00:11:48,160 experience of launching all their hard 260 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:59,110 [Music] 261 00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:01,590 it's the launch day it's a little windy 262 00:12:04,949 --> 00:12:03,920 out here today it's a beautiful day uh 263 00:12:07,430 --> 00:12:04,959 it's a little windy it's got me 264 00:12:08,949 --> 00:12:07,440 concerned my my launch intuition is uh 265 00:12:11,990 --> 00:12:08,959 tingling a bit 266 00:12:13,430 --> 00:12:12,000 i grew up here in florida i came to this 267 00:12:15,030 --> 00:12:13,440 very spot out here in the causeway as a 268 00:12:15,910 --> 00:12:15,040 kid my dad would take us to lunches all 269 00:12:18,389 --> 00:12:15,920 the time 270 00:12:21,030 --> 00:12:18,399 so personally oh it's like 271 00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:21,040 the kid in me comes out when i come here 272 00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:22,240 it's really cool 273 00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:23,760 i've been on both sides of it i've been 274 00:12:28,150 --> 00:12:25,839 a researcher and then i've been now 275 00:12:30,470 --> 00:12:28,160 helping researchers and i gotta say it's 276 00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:30,480 it's nervous on both sides you have a 277 00:12:34,790 --> 00:12:32,720 lot of worry i guess as a scientist you 278 00:12:35,910 --> 00:12:34,800 have a lot of work involved as a payload 279 00:12:37,590 --> 00:12:35,920 provider 280 00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:37,600 you hope you've checked all the boxes 281 00:12:40,389 --> 00:12:38,880 and you've done all that you can do to 282 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:40,399 make everything work for the researchers 283 00:12:43,670 --> 00:12:42,000 so that they get good data 284 00:12:45,190 --> 00:12:43,680 it's not easy to put even the most 285 00:12:47,750 --> 00:12:45,200 simplest payloads 286 00:12:49,430 --> 00:12:47,760 on the space station but it's worth it 287 00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:49,440 it's worth all the work i think some of 288 00:12:53,350 --> 00:12:51,200 the biggest discoveries we have 289 00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:53,360 we've made and are going to find her up 290 00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:54,959 on the space station it's incredibly 291 00:12:58,470 --> 00:12:57,200 important 292 00:13:01,030 --> 00:12:58,480 well we've been really nervous all the 293 00:13:01,750 --> 00:13:01,040 way up until right this moment nervous 294 00:13:03,670 --> 00:13:01,760 that 295 00:13:04,949 --> 00:13:03,680 our our dreams aren't actually going to 296 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:04,959 happen 297 00:13:08,470 --> 00:13:06,720 but now that the 298 00:13:10,790 --> 00:13:08,480 um you know larger countdown is 299 00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:10,800 happening and the 300 00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:12,160 rockets all fueled up and everything 301 00:13:15,430 --> 00:13:13,760 looks like it's going to happen on time 302 00:13:17,269 --> 00:13:15,440 it's it's getting really exciting the 303 00:13:18,710 --> 00:13:17,279 last you know 15 minute window before it 304 00:13:20,629 --> 00:13:18,720 takes off 305 00:13:22,230 --> 00:13:20,639 you know thanks to cases for funding 306 00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:22,240 this thanks to nanoracks for helping us 307 00:13:26,470 --> 00:13:24,240 coordinate and making the hardware and 308 00:13:27,750 --> 00:13:26,480 coordinating all the data collection too 309 00:13:29,269 --> 00:13:27,760 thank you for the astronauts who are 310 00:13:31,110 --> 00:13:29,279 going to be working on this project on 311 00:13:33,829 --> 00:13:31,120 station so 312 00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:33,839 a lot of a lot of people worked on this 313 00:13:37,430 --> 00:13:35,680 it's not just the two of us it's it's 314 00:13:45,330 --> 00:13:37,440 been a lot of people so 315 00:13:51,110 --> 00:13:48,310 [Music] 316 00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:51,120 as falcon 9 and cargo dragon take flight 317 00:13:54,870 --> 00:13:52,480 bound for the international space 318 00:13:56,470 --> 00:13:54,880 station with fresh supplies and research 319 00:13:58,790 --> 00:13:56,480 helping to maintain our human presence 320 00:14:01,880 --> 00:13:58,800 in space as the station celebrates its 321 00:14:13,910 --> 00:14:01,890 20th anniversary 322 00:14:18,949 --> 00:14:15,670 it'd be incredible just to watch it no 323 00:14:20,629 --> 00:14:18,959 matter what but knowing that 324 00:14:22,389 --> 00:14:20,639 we have a personal investment in it it 325 00:14:25,189 --> 00:14:22,399 makes it a it makes a big difference 326 00:14:27,110 --> 00:14:25,199 yeah so just knowing that 327 00:14:29,829 --> 00:14:27,120 something that we've been working on is 328 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:29,839 on it and and then watching the whole 329 00:14:33,509 --> 00:14:31,680 like the whole experience makes it just 330 00:14:34,470 --> 00:14:33,519 different it's 331 00:14:43,509 --> 00:14:34,480 it 332 00:14:45,110 --> 00:14:43,519 worthwhile yeah absolutely and watching 333 00:14:47,030 --> 00:14:45,120 it with your best friend 334 00:14:48,550 --> 00:14:47,040 yeah and like someone that you've been 335 00:14:52,230 --> 00:14:48,560 working with 336 00:14:55,509 --> 00:14:52,240 for such a long time and it's just 337 00:14:58,629 --> 00:14:55,519 oh it's yeah i think it couldn't get 338 00:15:00,790 --> 00:14:58,639 better that's what i can say yeah um 339 00:15:02,150 --> 00:15:00,800 yeah i didn't want to do it with anyone 340 00:15:04,150 --> 00:15:02,160 else yeah 341 00:15:05,509 --> 00:15:04,160 that is the exact same sentiment that i 342 00:15:07,509 --> 00:15:05,519 have too 343 00:15:09,750 --> 00:15:07,519 so it was really it was really special 344 00:15:12,350 --> 00:15:09,760 that we could be here yeah and watch it 345 00:15:26,820 --> 00:15:12,360 together 346 00:15:30,230 --> 00:15:28,230 [Music] 347 00:15:31,910 --> 00:15:30,240 our scientist experiment is officially 348 00:15:34,550 --> 00:15:31,920 on its way to the international space 349 00:15:36,470 --> 00:15:34,560 station the spacex dragon capsule that 350 00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:36,480 gives the research its ride to low earth 351 00:15:40,629 --> 00:15:38,800 orbit now must make the last leg of its 352 00:15:42,310 --> 00:15:40,639 journey to the hands of the astronauts 353 00:15:44,150 --> 00:15:42,320 in microgravity 354 00:15:46,550 --> 00:15:44,160 what's neat for us is we've got cargo 355 00:15:48,949 --> 00:15:46,560 vehicles coming and going to the iss all 356 00:15:51,189 --> 00:15:48,959 the time it is really like a busy 357 00:15:52,629 --> 00:15:51,199 parking lot vehicles come in they stay 358 00:15:53,829 --> 00:15:52,639 for a few months we do a whole bunch of 359 00:15:55,269 --> 00:15:53,839 science and then they leave again and 360 00:15:55,990 --> 00:15:55,279 before you know it the next one's coming 361 00:15:57,749 --> 00:15:56,000 up 362 00:16:00,069 --> 00:15:57,759 now what's important to remember is that 363 00:16:01,749 --> 00:16:00,079 these vehicles cannot dock themselves to 364 00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:01,759 the space station we have to bring them 365 00:16:05,910 --> 00:16:03,519 into the space station utilizing 366 00:16:08,310 --> 00:16:05,920 robotics and what i like to tell people 367 00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:08,320 is performing robotics going out and 368 00:16:12,150 --> 00:16:10,240 capturing that vehicle is like a really 369 00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:12,160 difficult video game 370 00:16:16,550 --> 00:16:14,160 and so we practice over and over and 371 00:16:18,710 --> 00:16:16,560 over again using computer simulations on 372 00:16:20,629 --> 00:16:18,720 how to actually capture that cargo 373 00:16:23,189 --> 00:16:20,639 vehicle to bring it into station 374 00:16:24,949 --> 00:16:23,199 once that cargo vehicle docks to station 375 00:16:26,470 --> 00:16:24,959 we do a series of pressure checks and 376 00:16:28,310 --> 00:16:26,480 equalize that pressure with the 377 00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:28,320 international space station and finally 378 00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:30,160 we get to open the hatch 379 00:16:34,389 --> 00:16:32,320 very quickly the crew starts to move 380 00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:34,399 because we've got some experiments that 381 00:16:37,269 --> 00:16:35,600 are actually kept at certain 382 00:16:38,949 --> 00:16:37,279 temperatures and we have to transfer 383 00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:38,959 them quickly out and keep them at the 384 00:16:42,550 --> 00:16:40,560 same temperature there on board the 385 00:16:44,470 --> 00:16:42,560 space station 386 00:16:46,150 --> 00:16:44,480 elaine and paris du's research is one of 387 00:16:47,269 --> 00:16:46,160 the experiments that requires quick 388 00:16:48,870 --> 00:16:47,279 unloading 389 00:16:51,110 --> 00:16:48,880 stored at a constant temperature to 390 00:16:52,949 --> 00:16:51,120 ensure the hydrogels stay intact it's 391 00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:52,959 one of the first items that astronauts 392 00:16:56,870 --> 00:16:54,880 must remove from dragon 393 00:16:58,949 --> 00:16:56,880 then with the experiment finally aboard 394 00:17:02,829 --> 00:16:58,959 the space station it's time to conduct 395 00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:05,189 microgravity this was fantastic for me 396 00:17:08,870 --> 00:17:07,520 this is what i do this means a lot to me 397 00:17:10,949 --> 00:17:08,880 as a clinician 398 00:17:13,429 --> 00:17:10,959 and so it was really neat to be able to 399 00:17:16,630 --> 00:17:13,439 perform that sort of science on station 400 00:17:24,069 --> 00:17:16,640 acceleration 1002 is loaded 401 00:17:27,669 --> 00:17:25,829 we know that scientists play a huge role 402 00:17:29,190 --> 00:17:27,679 in human space flight missions but there 403 00:17:31,190 --> 00:17:29,200 are ways students from all over the 404 00:17:32,950 --> 00:17:31,200 country can get involved too 405 00:17:34,950 --> 00:17:32,960 nasa relies on them to take part in 406 00:17:36,789 --> 00:17:34,960 micro g next a challenge that allows 407 00:18:08,990 --> 00:17:36,799 them to put their engineering skills to 408 00:18:38,710 --> 00:18:17,100 [Music] 409 00:18:43,029 --> 00:18:40,870 there is one thing that explorers all 410 00:18:45,029 --> 00:18:43,039 throughout time have had in common they 411 00:18:46,549 --> 00:18:45,039 are all at the mercy of weather and 412 00:18:48,630 --> 00:18:46,559 while things like rain and wind and 413 00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:48,640 lightning all factor in you can't forget 414 00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:50,880 about radiation the astronauts and the 415 00:18:54,310 --> 00:18:52,960 systems on their future space vehicles 416 00:18:56,950 --> 00:18:54,320 will have to be protected from deep 417 00:18:58,789 --> 00:18:56,960 space radiation and that's why today's 418 00:19:01,029 --> 00:18:58,799 scientists are working hard to improve 419 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:01,039 our ability to accurately forecast 420 00:19:05,830 --> 00:19:02,730 dangerous space weather 421 00:19:12,230 --> 00:19:05,840 [Music] 422 00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:17,270 presented by science at nasa 423 00:19:21,830 --> 00:19:19,669 when seafaring nations began to explore 424 00:19:23,909 --> 00:19:21,840 new regions of the world one of their 425 00:19:26,950 --> 00:19:23,919 biggest concerns in making the journey 426 00:19:29,190 --> 00:19:26,960 safely was how to cope with weather 427 00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:29,200 they could harness the wind for power 428 00:19:32,710 --> 00:19:31,200 they could rely on the sun and the stars 429 00:19:34,950 --> 00:19:32,720 for navigation 430 00:19:37,909 --> 00:19:34,960 they could build sturdy ships 431 00:19:39,909 --> 00:19:37,919 but if a storm rose suddenly they were 432 00:19:42,070 --> 00:19:39,919 at nature's mercy 433 00:19:44,230 --> 00:19:42,080 more than five centuries later our 434 00:19:46,230 --> 00:19:44,240 nation is once again on the cusp of 435 00:19:47,750 --> 00:19:46,240 exploring new worlds 436 00:19:49,909 --> 00:19:47,760 and once again 437 00:19:53,669 --> 00:19:49,919 one of our concerns about traveling long 438 00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:53,679 distances is the weather space weather 439 00:19:58,230 --> 00:19:56,640 while space is a vacuum it's not 100 440 00:20:01,190 --> 00:19:58,240 percent empty 441 00:20:02,870 --> 00:20:01,200 particles energy and magnetic fields 442 00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:02,880 travel through the void 443 00:20:07,430 --> 00:20:04,640 much of these emanate from the sun's 444 00:20:10,230 --> 00:20:07,440 corona as part of a constant outward 445 00:20:12,149 --> 00:20:10,240 flow known as the solar wind which 446 00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:12,159 stretches well beyond the orbit of 447 00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:13,520 neptune 448 00:20:18,630 --> 00:20:15,760 there are also high energy particles or 449 00:20:22,390 --> 00:20:18,640 cosmic rays in the mix which travel vast 450 00:20:24,549 --> 00:20:22,400 distances from dying stars or supernovae 451 00:20:26,950 --> 00:20:24,559 earth's magnetic field and relatively 452 00:20:29,669 --> 00:20:26,960 thick atmosphere act as a shield against 453 00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:29,679 the most harmful forms of this radiation 454 00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:33,280 but in space there is no such deterrent 455 00:20:38,950 --> 00:20:35,679 if we want to travel through this space 456 00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:38,960 we need ways to protect our astronauts 457 00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:40,480 these particles can affect our 458 00:20:46,390 --> 00:20:43,919 technology tripping onboard electronics 459 00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:46,400 dr yari colada vega space weather 460 00:20:51,190 --> 00:20:48,720 scientist at nasa's goddard space flight 461 00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:51,200 center notes we are working hard to 462 00:20:56,310 --> 00:20:53,520 forecast when these particles will be at 463 00:20:59,110 --> 00:20:56,320 their peak such as during solar flares 464 00:21:01,669 --> 00:20:59,120 or coronal mass ejections 465 00:21:04,070 --> 00:21:01,679 acute exposure to these solar energetic 466 00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:04,080 particles is a serious concern for 467 00:21:08,789 --> 00:21:06,320 astronauts and instruments 468 00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:08,799 therefore having a better understanding 469 00:21:13,669 --> 00:21:11,679 of when to expect solar activity is 470 00:21:16,789 --> 00:21:13,679 important for safely sending our 471 00:21:19,350 --> 00:21:16,799 astronauts and spacecraft through space 472 00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:19,360 ironically such space weather activity 473 00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:21,360 can actually protect against another 474 00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:24,240 threat to astronauts the sun's activity 475 00:21:29,430 --> 00:21:26,880 can block dangerous cosmic rays coming 476 00:21:32,230 --> 00:21:29,440 from other stars which are constantly 477 00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:32,240 present illustrating the complexity of 478 00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:34,720 the system nasa tries to understand and 479 00:21:40,390 --> 00:21:37,600 mitigate for our space travelers 480 00:21:42,630 --> 00:21:40,400 over time sea captains learned when to 481 00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:42,640 sell their ships and when to stay in 482 00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:44,720 harbor based on their accumulated 483 00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:46,240 knowledge of the weather 484 00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:48,240 it's more risky to be on the water in 485 00:21:52,549 --> 00:21:50,480 the caribbean during hurricane season 486 00:21:54,710 --> 00:21:52,559 and you'd want to consider avoiding the 487 00:21:56,390 --> 00:21:54,720 northeast coast of america during the 488 00:21:59,430 --> 00:21:56,400 height of winter 489 00:22:01,909 --> 00:21:59,440 dr colada vega says it's very similar to 490 00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:01,919 what we're doing today we're constantly 491 00:22:06,149 --> 00:22:04,000 developing and testing new models to 492 00:22:08,470 --> 00:22:06,159 predict space weather and we're 493 00:22:09,909 --> 00:22:08,480 constantly seeking new data to refine 494 00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:09,919 those models 495 00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:12,480 a host of heliophysics missions observe 496 00:22:17,909 --> 00:22:15,440 space from a variety of vantage points 497 00:22:20,310 --> 00:22:17,919 not unlike terrestrial weather sensors 498 00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:20,320 which work in tandem to paint a bigger 499 00:22:26,149 --> 00:22:22,799 picture of our space environment 500 00:22:28,710 --> 00:22:26,159 in august 2018 nasa launched the parker 501 00:22:31,190 --> 00:22:28,720 solar probe to help us better understand 502 00:22:33,990 --> 00:22:31,200 the sun's activity especially what 503 00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:34,000 drives the solar wind and how energetic 504 00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:36,400 particles get accelerated 505 00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:38,559 this data could be used to improve 506 00:22:43,029 --> 00:22:40,960 models of space weather forecasting 507 00:22:45,990 --> 00:22:43,039 ultimately helping us find new and 508 00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:46,000 better ways to shield our spacecraft and 509 00:22:50,710 --> 00:22:48,480 protect our astronauts 510 00:22:53,430 --> 00:22:50,720 whether it was the oceans ancient ships 511 00:22:56,310 --> 00:22:53,440 travel through or the space we will one 512 00:22:58,070 --> 00:22:56,320 day travel through we know this 513 00:23:01,190 --> 00:22:58,080 keeping a watchful eye on the 514 00:23:03,110 --> 00:23:01,200 environment around us is key to ensuring 515 00:23:05,430 --> 00:23:03,120 safe passage 516 00:23:06,710 --> 00:23:05,440 for more information about what matters 517 00:23:12,549 --> 00:23:06,720 in space 518 00:23:15,830 --> 00:23:14,310 the future missions just mentioned like 519 00:23:17,430 --> 00:23:15,840 the ones that will return american 520 00:23:19,110 --> 00:23:17,440 astronauts to the moon in a few short 521 00:23:21,590 --> 00:23:19,120 years and then take them out into the 522 00:23:22,710 --> 00:23:21,600 solar system are part of nasa's artemis 523 00:23:24,549 --> 00:23:22,720 program 524 00:23:26,710 --> 00:23:24,559 artemis will bring together the orion 525 00:23:28,950 --> 00:23:26,720 space vehicle the space launch system 526 00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:28,960 rocket and the ground systems needed to 527 00:23:32,950 --> 00:23:31,280 launch them both and as you'll see the 528 00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:32,960 people building these things are working 529 00:23:36,789 --> 00:23:35,200 hard to get everything ready to go 530 00:23:39,190 --> 00:23:36,799 take a look at the progress being made 531 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:39,200 at nasa centers and contractor locations 532 00:27:04,630 --> 00:23:54,210 [Music] 533 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:17,110 um 534 00:27:20,789 --> 00:27:18,710 if you'd like another look at any of the 535 00:27:22,630 --> 00:27:20,799 stories we featured today head on over 536 00:27:24,230 --> 00:27:22,640 to youtube and facebook at those 537 00:27:25,909 --> 00:27:24,240 addresses right there in that blue box 538 00:27:27,350 --> 00:27:25,919 on your nasa tv screen 539 00:27:28,630 --> 00:27:27,360 and while you're there feel free to 540 00:27:30,789 --> 00:27:28,640 check out all the other cool stuff 541 00:27:32,710 --> 00:27:30,799 available about nasa and america's human 542 00:27:33,990 --> 00:27:32,720 space flight program 543 00:27:36,470 --> 00:27:34,000 and if you'd rather take your space 544 00:27:38,310 --> 00:27:36,480 content to go the place to go is houston 545 00:27:39,990 --> 00:27:38,320 we have a podcast where we hear 546 00:27:41,510 --> 00:27:40,000 firsthand from those working in the 547 00:27:43,110 --> 00:27:41,520 thick of all aspects of space 548 00:27:45,430 --> 00:27:43,120 exploration 549 00:27:47,830 --> 00:27:45,440 we post new episodes every friday so 550 00:27:49,430 --> 00:27:47,840 today gary jordan gets the inside scoop 551 00:27:50,950 --> 00:27:49,440 on what it takes to keep the johnson 552 00:27:52,389 --> 00:27:50,960 space center running 553 00:27:54,549 --> 00:27:52,399 you'll hear from the people in charge of 554 00:27:57,269 --> 00:27:54,559 center operations and because it's that 555 00:28:00,310 --> 00:27:57,279 special time of year hurricane response 556 00:28:02,470 --> 00:28:00,320 go to nasa.gov podcasts for this episode 557 00:28:05,029 --> 00:28:02,480 all of our previous episodes and the 558 00:28:07,029 --> 00:28:05,039 full library of nasa podcasts you can 559 00:28:27,510 --> 00:28:07,039 listen to any of the above on apple 560 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:31,830 let's go 561 00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:46,789 it's